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Her Research Unit is involved with clinical research, epidemiology and operational research, and is a treatment site for HIV infected adults and children. Her research interests include HIV vaccine research, microbicide research and other biomedical and behavioural interventions, and she is an investigator in testing two HIV vaccine regimens in late stage clinical development.
He has been an author on over manuscripts in the field of infectious diseases and has an extensive track record in infectious diseases research and practice covering clinical, laboratory and epidemiological aspects. He is an HIV and TB immunologist focused on studying the immune response to these pathogens in affected tissues, and how this relates to what can be observed from the blood. The research goal is to improve understanding of the immunopathology of TB and HIV, using this information to aid in developing novel therapeutic approaches and diagnostic biomarkers.
His research has centered on understanding the mechanisms by which the human immune system recognises the Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. If it is not enabled, your experience will be limited and you will be unable to purchase products, complete forms or load images and videos. Operating System 12 Monterey 11 Big Sur Operating System iOS 12 or above. Overview Key:. A cover for mechanical binding that is a single piece scored and slotted or punched for combining with the mechanical binding device, formatting a closed backbone on bound units.
In platemaking, the distance from the front edge of the press plate to the image area, to allow for clamping to the cylinder and also for the gripper margin. The undesirable transfer of ink from freshly printed sheets of paper to another.
Also called off-set. A sheet drawn in Plate Prep on the Craftsman table from computer specifications; used as a master for the layout and positioning of pages on the job for which it was drawn. A popular style of bookbinding; in which the signatures are gathered in sequence and then sewn individually in 8s, 16s, or 32s.
The sewing threads are visible at the center of each signature. Strips of reinforcing cloth sewn to the spine of the book sections and extending slightly past the edge of the spine; used to strengthen the binding of a casebound book. To decrease in color strength, as when halftone dots become smaller; opposite of dot spread or dot gain. Term which may be applied to a single sheet, a grade of paper, or a description of paper, i.
Directly related to poor surface strength in that if the sheet has poor surface strength, delamination will occur in the printing process. Sheet delamination could also create a problem of a blanket smash. If the delamination is large enough and thick enough, as the press continues to run, it will create a depression in the blanket, so that when the delamination buildup is removed from the blanket the depression will remain, rendering the blanket unusable.
These defects pertain to both sheet-fed and web-fed equipment. In paper manufacture, rotary unit over which the web of paper passes to be cut into sheets. In printing, rotary knife at the delivery end of web press that slices press lengths. To print one side of a sheet of paper with one plate, then turn the sheet over and print the other side with another plate using same gripper and opposite side guide. Undercooked wood particles that are removed from the pulp before manufacture of paper begins.
Sometimes shives will appear as imperfections in the finished sheets. In printing, the undesirable condition in which the printing on the reverse side of a sheet can be seen through the sheet under normal lighting conditions. Decrease in the dimensions of a sheet of paper or loss incurred in weight between the amount of pulp used and paper produced.
On sheet-fed presses, a guide on the feed board to position the sheet sideways as it feeds into the front guides before entering the impression cylinder. A method of binding in which the folded signatures or cut sheets are stitched with wire along and through the side, close to the gutter margin. Pages cannot be fully opened to a flat position; also called side wire. Additive substances applied to the paper either internally through the beater or as a coating that improves printing qualities and resistance to liquids.
Commonly used sizes are starch and latex. Also used to ship materials, usually in cartons which have been strapped banded to the skid. Placing pieces of paper between folded sections prior to trimming four sides, to separate completed books. A combination dot gain and slur indicator supplied in positive or negative form.
It is a quality control device that shows at a glance dot gain or dot loss. It also demonstrates whether the gain or the loss occurs in contacting, platemaking, proofing or on the press. An area of a blanket that is no longer firm and resilient, and that gives a light impression in the center of a well printed area. Usually caused by physical damage of the blanket at impression. The binding operation following sewing in which the folded and sewn sheets are compressed to tighten the fold free of air to make the front and back of the sheets the same thickness.
A press condition in which the impression is slurred and unclear, because too much ink was used or sheets were handled or rubbed before the ink was dry. Prior to reaching the driers, the paper web is smoothed, if necessary, by two rolls working together. The flatness of a sheet of paper, which generally determines the crispness of the image printed upon it. A method of fastening side-by-side signatures so that each is linked with thread to its neighbor, as well as saddlesewn through its own centerfold.
Smyth-sewn books open flat. The stitching is on the back of the fold. A camera term describing halation or fringe around the edge of a dot which is excessive and almost equals the area of the dot itself. In composition, type set without space leading between the lines.
Spec’d copy gives details of items such as paper, bindery techniques, type, etc. Paper or board that is manufactured, or subsequently converted, for a specific use. These grades usually cannot be used for anything other than their intended special purpose.
The designer or printing production worker who determines the types of paper to be used under various circumstances. Sophisticated instrument that measures color across a visible spectrum and produces data describing the color of a given sample in terms of the three parameters in color space. The complete range of colors in the rainbow, from short wavelengths blue to long wavelengths red. Smallest visible point that can be displayed or printed.
The smallest diameter of light that a scanner can detect, or an image-setter or printer can image. Dot should not be confused with spot. Press varnish applied to a portion of the sheet, as opposed to an overall application of the varnish. Fine opaquing such as in removing pinholes or other small transparent defects in a negative; also called Opaquing.
A term used to describe paper that has been seasoned so that the moisture content is the same as the air surrounding it. Pressing a design onto a book cover using metal foil, colored foil, or ink, applied with metal dies.
Terms used to indicate the manufactured specifications of a paper. Includes color, basis weight, sheet dimensions, and grain direction. An electrical charge frequently found in paper which is too dry or which has been affected by local atmospheric conditions.
In printing presses , an attachment designed to remove the static electricity from the paper to avoid ink setoff and trouble with feeding the paper. In multiple imposition on a lithographic press plate, the procedure of repeating the exposure of a flat by stepping it along the gripper edge; side-by-side exposure.
In multiple imposition on a lithographic press plate, the procedure of repeating the exposure of a flat by stepping it back from the gripper edge of the plate; up-and-down exposure. A popular method of sewing the signatures of a book together by stitching all the sheets at one time, either through the center of the inserted sheets or side-stitched from front to back.
A very strong style of binding but not flexible as compared with sewing. A digital screening process that converts images into very small dots microns of equal size and variable spacing.
Second order screened images have variable size dots and variable spacing. Also called Frequency Modulated FM screening. General term with many meanings. Papers manufactured in popular sizes, weights, colors, etc. Paper distributor that stocks in his own warehouse facilities enough paper to immediately fill anticipated orders in the market. This eliminates the delay of ordering from the paper manufacturer, taking delivery, and delivering to the customer.
An application of opaque to photographic negatives; also the application of special lacquer to protect areas in positives in dot etching; staging of halftone plates during relief etching; protecting certain areas of deep-etched plates so that no ink will be deposited on the protected areas. A type of press feeder that keeps several sheets of paper, overlapping each other, moving toward the grippers.
Stretch properties are essential for paper to fold well and to resist stress in use. Stretch resistance is measured on tensile testing instruments.
An envelope made with two reinforced paper buttons, one on the flap and the other on the back of the envelope. To close, a string which is locked under the flap button is wound alternately around the two buttons.
Device that removes water from the paper machine by a suction action located beneath the wire at the wet end. Alkaline process of cooking pulp also known as the kraft process. Wood chips are cooked to a high brightness without fiber degradation in a substance of sodium sulfate and sodium sulfide.
Alternating rolls of highly polished steel and compressed cotton in a stack. During the process the paper is subjected to the heated steel rolls and “ironed” by the compressed cotton rolls.
It imparts a high, gloss finish to the paper. Super calender stacks are not an inherent part of the paper machine whereas the calender rolls are. One of the two basic types of lithographic press plates; a colloid image is formed on the light-sensitized metal plate by the action of actinic light passing through photographic negatives.
Term applied to paper that has been sized by applying a sizing agent when the web of paper is partially dry. Purpose is to increase resistance to ink penetration. Also called overprint. Same as sample book. A grouping of papers, usually in bound form, that displays the weights, colors, finishes and other particulars of a collection of papers to aid in the selection of grades.
Abbreviation indicating that the paper has been guillotine trimmed on all four sides. Literal translation: trimmed four sides. A file format for graphics suited for representing scanned images and other large bitmaps.
TIFF is a neutral format designed for compatibility with all applications. Includes both virgin and post-consumer fibers that are bleached without any chlorine containing compounds. The ability of a paper to resist tearing when subjected to rigorous production demands of manufacturing, printing, binding and its conversion from flat sheets into envelopes, packaging materials, etc. Tensile strength relates to the stress and strain to which paper is subjected in its many end use applications.
It is defined as the maximum force required to break a paper strip of a given width under prescribed laboratory conditions. Tensile strength is usually defined as pounds-per-inch width of the testing strip, or as kilograms per millimeter width.
Tensile strength is measured in both the grain and cross-grain directions, however, it is always greater in the grain direction. A general term applied to various grades of printing paper designed for deluxe printed booklets, programs, announcements and advertising.
Letterpress printing in which a special ink, while still wet, is dusted with a resinous powder. Then the sheets are baked fusing the powder with the ink, giving it a raised effect. Made by steaming wood chips prior to and during refining, producing a higher yield and stronger pulp than regular groundwood. Printing plate with customized surfaces to print solid colors or patterns, stipple line or dot arrangements in tints of inks.
Tint blocks are also used to deepen colors in an illustration. An all-over color tint on the press sheet in the nonimage area of the sheet, caused by ink pigment dissolving in the dampening solution. Chemical substance used as loading or coating material to increase the whiteness and brightness of a sheet and contribute to its opacity.
Designates the felt side of a sheet of paper. The top side of a sheet is the side not against the wire during manufacture. A printing ink which does not conceal the color beneath. Process inks are transparent so that they will blend to form other colors.
The ability to print a wet ink film over previously printed ink. Dry trapping is printing wet ink on dry paper or over dry ink. Wet trapping is printing wet ink over previously printed wet ink.
Sizing added to the surface of paper by passing a web through a tub or bath of sizing, removing the excess, and drying. In printing presses, a device for stopping or tripping the press when more than one sheet attempts to feed into the grippers.
In paper, the property denoting difference in appearance and printability between its top felt and bottom wire sides. Printing the same page or group of pages from two sets of plates, thereby producing two impressions of the same matter at one time. Printing and binding in such a way that two books are bound as one, then cut apart into separate books. To improve trapping and reduce ink costs in the process color web printing, color separation films are reduced in color in areas where all three colors overprint and the black film is increased an equivalent amount in these areas.
Term refers to an order produced or delivered that is less than the quantity specified by the customer. Allowances are permitted in trade practices for under-runs. Refers to the combination of inking, plate and impression operations to print each color.
A 4-color press has 4 printing units each with its own inking, plate and impression functions. Ultra Violet radiation method of drying process color inks on high-speed multicolor offset presses. In printing, solventless inks that are cured by UV radiation. They are used extensively in screen printing, narrow web letterpress and flexographic printing. Thin, protective coating applied to a printed sheet of paper for protection or improved appearance.
Term usually applied to a paper finish that exhibits a toothy surface which is very similar to eggshell or antique finishes. A vellum finish is relatively absorbent to provide good ink penetration.
Very strong, good quality cream colored or natural paper made to impersonate calfskin parchment. Also, the term is often applied to the finish of paper rather than a grade of paper.
Stationery is often referred to as vellum. Also, translucent paper used by architects and artists are often referred to as Velum. A term referring to the impression of a design, pattern or symbol in a sheet while it is being formed on the paper machine wire.
It appears in the finished sheet as either a lighter or darker area than the rest of the paper. Two types of watermarks are available. A shaded watermark is produced by a dandy roll located at or near the suction box on the Fourdrinier. The desired design is pressed into the wire covering the surface of the dandy roll similar to an intaglio engraving.
As the wet pulp moves along the web the dandy roll presses down and creates an accumulation of fibers, thus the watermark is seen as being darker than the rest of the sheet.
The second type of watermark, called a wire mark, is accomplished by impressing a dandy roll with a raised surface pattern into the moving paper web in a similar manner to the shaded mark.
This creates an area with less fiber making it lighter and more translucent. Watermarks come in a variety of placement styles. Random, the least expensive to create, is a watermark that appears repetitively throughout the sheet in no particular order. A localized watermark is one that appears in a predetermined position on each sheet. Paraded watermarks appear in a line, either vertically or horizontally on each sheet.
A staggered watermark pattern consists of several watermarks on each sheet in a predetermined fashion. See dandy roll. Characteristic of a pile of sheets when the outer edges retain more moisture from the air than the center does or when the center retains more moisture then the outer edges do. It is a form of paper curl. A warping, “wave like” effect in paper which is the result of the edges of the sheet having picked up moisture and expanded to a larger size.
Roll of paper used in web or rotary presses and most often folded, pasted and converted in one continuous form. Also a ribbon of paper as it unwinds from a roll and threads through the press. Break in a roll of paper while it is on the machine during manufacturing or while on the printing press during production.
Paper that is made to be printed in a continuous manner from a roll. It can be coated or uncoated and must be strong enough to withstand the rigors of web offset printing at high speeds.
Amount of pull applied in direction of the travel of a web of paper by the action of a web-fed press. Acceptable degree of variation in a paper’s shipped weight, usually within 5 percent of the paper’s nominal weight.
Water or dampness on the edge of the roll can weld or bond the paper together, which will then break on the infeed, a problem easily determined by the press crew. The beginning of a paper machine that involves a slurry of fibers, fillers, and other additives and is most likely the most critical process area for successful production of the high quality and consistent end product.
Category of finishes such as antique, eggshell, vellum applied to the wet paper web by machine rolls and the presses at the wet end of the papermaking machine.
Wet strength is measured most accurately as the percentage ratio of wet-tensile strength to dry-tensile strength. Once wet, ordinary papers lose most of their original dry-strength properties.
Wet strength papers possess properties that resist disintegration and rupture when saturated with water. Wet strength papers range in weight from tissue to paperboard.
A material capable of lowering the surface tension of water and water solutions and increasing their wetting powers. Unit at the end of the paper machine that takes the paper web from the reel, trims it, winds it into rolls and slits it to make smaller rolls if desired.
At the wet end of the paper machine, a copper, bronze or synthetic screen that receives the suspension of water and fiber from the head-box. The wire moves the suspension along to the dry end of the machine. In business forms, to stitch or fasten sheets to form a book or fastened set; may be side or saddle wired.
A continuous double series of wire loops running through punched slots along the binding side of a booklet. Opposite of felt side, this is the side of the paper that was against the wire during manufacture. A watermark will read backward from this side of the sheet.
To print one side of a sheet of paper then turn the sheet over from left to right and print the second side. The same gripper and plate are used for both sides. To print one side of a sheet of paper, then turn it over from gripper to back using the same side guide and plate to print the second side.
Finish characterized by the impressions of a felt dandy roll covered in woven wire and without laid lines. A device that dries paper as it comes off the wet end of the papermaking machine by pressing one side against a cylinder that steam-heats it and imparts a glazed finish at the same time. Hue off a subtractive primary and a 4-color process ink. It reflects red and green light and absorbs blue light.
Describes a transformation inherent to all vegetable fibers which is caused by aging. Paper made of vegetable fibers will turn various degrees of yellow as its environment couples with aging to produce this phenomenon. Yellowing is very evident in groundwood papers and only a few hours in direct sunlight is enough to yellow newspaper.
Folding used with continuous forms with alternating position head and foot. Commonly used to convert roll paper to easily managed flat-back. Home Resources Paper Glossary of Terms. Glossary of Paper Terms. A Abrasion Resistance The level at which paper can withstand continuous scuffing or rubbing.
Absorption The properties within paper that cause it to absorb liquids inks, water, etc. Accordion Fold A binding term describing a method of folding paper. Acetate Proof A transparent, acetate printing proof used to reproduce anticipated print colors on a transparent acetate sheet. Acid Free Paper made in a neutral pH system, usually buffered with calcium carbonate.
Acidity Degree of acid found in a given paper substance measured by pH level. Against the Grain A right angle to which the fiber direction of a piece of paper lies. Airdried Paper Paper that is dried by circulating hot air around it with little or no tension or restraint on the paper. Aluminum Plate A metal press plate used for moderate to long runs in offset lithography to carry the image.
Announcement Cards Cards of paper with matching envelopes generally used for social stationery, announcements, weddings, greetings, etc. Antique Finish A paper finish, usually used in book and cover papers, that has a tactile surface. Artificial Parchment Paper produced with poorly formed formation. Artwork A general term used to describe materials prepared and readied for print.
Ascenders The tops of lower case letters such as: b, d, h and t. B Back Cylinder Pressure Additional pressure applied through the impression cylinder assisting the image transfer to the press sheet. Backbone The back of a bound book; also called the spine. Backing Up Printing the reverse side of a sheet already printed on one side. Band 1 A strip of paper, printed or unprinted, that wraps around loose sheets in lieu of binding with a cover or assembled pieces.
Barium Sulfate Substance used as a standard for white, in lieu of the availability of a practical percent reflecting diffuser. Baronial Envelope An envelope generally used with announcements. Base Color A first color used as a background on which other colors are printed. Base Stock Manufactured paper that will be further processed as laminated, Duplex Cover, Bristol Cover, or off machine embossed papers.
Baseline In typesetting, the invisible line on which letters and numbers set. Basic Size The standard sheet size of a given grade. Basis Weight The weight in pounds per ream of paper cut to its basic size in inches. Beater Blender type machine used to pulverize pulp and for mixing additives and color to the stock. Beater Sized Process of adding sizing material to the pulp in the beater. Bindery A process of perforating, folding, trimming and eventually binding a printed piece.
Binding 1 Attaching sheets into a single unit by adhesives, sewing, stitching, metal prongs, snaps, etc. Binding Edge The edge where the binding will be done. Black Printer In fourcolor process printing, the black plate made to give definition to neutral tones and detail. Blanket In offset lithography, the rubbercoated fabric clamped around the blanket cylinder, which transfers the image from plate to paper.
Blanket Contamination Unwanted matter that becomes attached to the offset blanket and interferes with print quality. Blanket Creep Movement of the blanket surface that comes in contact with the printing plate or paper. Blanket Cylinder The printing press cylinder on which the blanket is mounted.
Blanket Pull The tack between blanket and paper. Bleach Chemical, usually chlorine, used to whiten pulp. Bleaching Chemical treatment to brighten, whiten, purify, refine, and balance pulp fiber. Bleed 1 In printing, printed image that runs off the edges of a page. Blind Embossing A printing technique in which a design is pushed forward without foil or ink. Blocking The sticking of piled printed sheets caused by wet ink. Blocking Out Eliminating portions of negatives by opaquing the image.
Blowup Enlargement from the original size. Blueprint In printing, a type of photoprint used as a proof. Boldface Thicker, visually heavier type vs. Darker type. Bond Paper Strong, durable writing paper, consisting of wood, cotton, or both, most commonly used for letterheads, stationery, business forms, etc⦠Bonding Strength The strength of the paper fibers to resistance of picking or tearing during offset printing.
Book Paper A general term used to define papers that are most suitable for book manufacture. Booklet A printed piece bound together, containing a few pages. Brightness A technical measurement of the light reflected back from a paper.
Bristol Board A high quality heavy weight paper, sometimes made with cotton fiber prepared or glued together, usually with a caliper thickness of 0. Broke Machine trim or undesirable paper that is returned to the beaters. Broken Carton An open carton of paper with some of its contents removed. Bulk Sheet thickness. High bulk sheets have fewer sheets per inch than low bulk. Bulking Dummy Unprinted sheets of actual paper folded in the signature size and signature number of a given job, to determine bulk.
Bursting Strength The point to which paper can withstand pressure without rupturing. Butted Joint Joining two webs of paper, placing them end-to-end and pasting a strip over and under to make a continuous sheet without overlapping. C Caking When printing, the spots of ink pigments on printing plates or press rollers, due to the vehicle carrying the ink not being able to hold the pigment in suspension. Calender Stacks A vertical series of steel rolls at the end of the paper machine to increase the smoothness of the paper.
Calendering To impart a smooth finish on paper by passing the web of paper between polished metal rolls to increase gloss and smoothness. Caliper The thickness of a sheet paper, in thousandths of an inch points or mils. Casebound A book bound with a hard, cover. Cellulose For paper manufacturing, the primary component of the cell walls of wood fibers.
Cellulose fiber The fiber remaining after bleaching and pulping of wood used in making paper. Center spread The facing pages in the center of a bound signature. Chain lines The lines on laid paper parallel with the grain; also referred to as “chain marks”.
Chalking Improper drying of ink. Character A type fonts letter, number, symbol or a blank space in typesetting. Character count The number of characters in a line of text, page or group of text. Chemical Ghosting A light duplication of a printed image on the other side of the same sheet, created by chemical reaction by the ink during the drying stages; also referred to as “Gas ghosting”.
Chemical Pulp Wood fiber cooked using chemicals producing a pulp used to manufacture numerous printing papers and paperboard products. Chip Board An inexpensive thick one-ply cardboard, typically made from recycled paper stock. Chlorine Chlorine and its compounds were commonly used to bleach fibers. Clear Formation Describes paper fibers that are uniformly dispersed within a sheet of paper -a characteristic of quality paper. Close Formation Uniform density in a sheet of paper.
Cloudy Formation Same as cloud effect; cloudy. Cockle Finish A rough, uneven, hard paper finish. Most frequently manufactured in bond papers. Cold Color A color on the bluish side. Collate In binding, gathering sections signatures in sequence for binding.
Color Bars Printed bars of ink colors used to monitor a print image. Color Comp A mockup of a proposed layout used for presentations. Color Correction Any method to improve color rendition. Color Fastness The ability of dyed paper to maintain in the presence of exposure to light, heat etc.
Color Guide Instructions attached to artwork or disc with the location, percentage, and type of color required. Color Process Printing Printing done using cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks, each requiring its own negative and plate. Color Proofs Initial printed pieces pulled off the press for final approval. Color Scanner electronic scanner A scanner that makes the color separation required in full color processing printing.
Color Separation The method used in breaking down the primary colors needed to prepare plates for printing color work. Commercial Match Paper manufactured to within acceptable tolerances of a sample provided to the mill. Commodity Papers A classification of low-quality bond and offset papers. Composite Image Multiple pictures images placed together to form a single, combined picture. Comprehensive Layout A simulation of a layout by a designer to show how the finished art work would appear.
Comprehensive Proof Final proof presented in the format the printed piece will take. Condensed Face or Condensed Type A particular typeface that allows more print per line, as though the letters were squashed at their sides. Conditioning Allowing paper to adjust itself to the temperature and humidity of the printing plant prior to use. Conservation The preservation and responsible use of our natural resources to ensure they endure. Continuous Tone Tonal gradation without use of halftone dots.
Converter Company that converts paper from its original form to usable products such as envelopes, label stock, announcements etc. Correspondence Papers Writing papers in attractive finishes, weights or colors. Cotton Content Paper Papers utilizing cotton linters. Cotton Linters The cotton fibers that adhere to the cottonseed used to produce pulp for cotton fiber papers. Couch Roll On a paper making machine the equipment that helps remove excess water from the moving web of paper prior to the wet press section of a paper machine.
Cover Paper Durable, heavier weight papers, available in a variety of finishes and colors, used for the cover of pamphlets, annual reports, business cards, etc⦠Crop Marks Specifically placed marks attached to artwork that show the area to be printed. Cropping Resizing original photographs or illustrations to a different size. Cross Direction The opposite direction of the grain of the paper.
Cross Grain Fold A fold at a right angle to the direction of the grain in the paper. Cross Machine Direction A line perpendicular to the direction the paper travels through the papermaking machine. Curl Undesirable distortion or waviness occurring to the paper due to the presence of excess moisture or humidity. Cut to Register Term used for watermarked letterhead papers to indicate the watermark will be cut to appear in a predetermined position on the finished sheet. Cutter Dust Paper dust resulting from cutting or trimming the paper which can transfer to printing blankets causing problems during a press run.
Cyan process blue One of the four-process colors. Cover Double-thick” describes a sheet of paper made by bonding two thicknesses of paper together resulting in an extra-stiff sheet. Damp Streaks Streaks caused by uneven pressing of drying during paper manufacturing. Dampeners In lithography, cloth covered, parchment paper or rubber rollers that distribute the dampening to the press plate.
Dampening Water, gum buffered acid, and various types of etches used to keep the non-image areas of the plate moist, and preventing them from accepting ink, in the lithographic printing process; also called fountain solution.
Dandy Roll 1 A plain roll situated above the wet web of the paper to provide a smoothing action to the top surface of the paper as it passes under the roll. Day-Glo Trade name for inks and papers containing fluorescent pigments.
Debossing The process in which the image is recessed into the paper. Deckle On the wet end of the paper machine the straps or deckle rulers that prevent the fiber from overflowing the sides of the machine. Deckle Edge Refers to the feathered edge on paper produced when fibers flow against the deckle or edge of the web. Decurler A device on a web press or sheeter used to remove paper curl. Decurling A paper decurling station on a sheeter or web press, used to remove paper curl.
De-Inking A process which removes ink, toner, coatings and most fillers from recovered paper. Dirt Count The average amount of dirt in a specific size of paper area. Delamination A separation of the paper’s surface. Delivery Area of the originating press where the freshly printed sheets are piled as they leave the impression section. Densitometer Reflection instrument measuring the density of colored ink to determine its consistency throughout a press run. Density Identifies the weight of paper compared to the volume; it is directly related to the paper’s absorbency, stiffness, and opacity.
Descender The parts of lower case letters that extend below the baseline. Die A design, letters, or pattern cut in metal for stamping, embossing or for diecutting. Die-Cutting Male and female dies are used to cut out paper or board in desired shapes. Digester Pressure vessel in which wood chips are cooked to separate fibers from each other and to remove detrimental particles.
Dimensional Stability Characteristic of paper to retain its dimensions in all directions under the stress of production and adverse changes in humidity. Dirt Dirt in paper consists of any imbedded foreign matter or specks, which contrast in color to the remainder of the sheet. Dished Concave rather than flat pile of paper.
Also refers to roll ends of paper that are not flat. Distributor Company which purchases paper from mill for resale to printers and end-users. Dividers Tabbed sheets of index or other heavy stock, used to identify and separate specific sections of a book; used in loose-leaf and bound books.
Dot Individual element of a halftone printing plate. Dot Etching Handwork on engravings and lithographic screened halftone negatives for correcting tonal values in either black-and-white or color work. Dot Slurring Smearing or elongation at the trailing edges of halftone dots. Dot Spread When halftone dots print larger than they were supposed to print.
Halftone pattern affinity designer free
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Halftone pattern affinity designer free. How to Create a Halftone Effect in Affinity Photo
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Halftone Raster Brushes for Affinity Designer and Photo – Resources – Affinity | Forum
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